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Fifteen small and peripheral cities lost jobs between 1986 and 1996 in the education sector, but none more than 300. Toronto added almost 25 000 jobs in education during this period. Areas of slow growth, mostly rural or smaller centres, lost jobs in education as the birth rate declined,...

Growth in health-care employment was almost universal across Canada. Only three places lost jobs, none losing more than 120 people, whereas Toronto added 44 000 health-care workers. Nationally, the growth in health care more or less reflects the overall distribution of population growth across...

The pattern of growth rates for public administration shows the most distinctive pattern of change. There were substantial declines, with more than half of the cities losing employment during the period 1986 to 1996. The federal capital (Ottawa) and the provincial capitals Halifax and Winnipeg...

The public service sector is defined here as the sum of public-service employment for all three levels of government, as well as education and health-care activities. The map of growth rates for public-service employment between 1986 and 1996 is almost entirely driven by education and health...

The maps of growth rates for the period 1986 to 1996 tell us how many jobs each city has added relative to its size, so that cities can be compared. Those cities that have special advantages for service activity will be the places that grow in the future. The difference in the employment totals...

Business services, the most rapidly growing sector within commercial services, includes accountants, computer services and other kinds of consultants — all those activities that serve other businesses. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in business services and the...

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in financial services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. The financial services have become an important part of present-day consumption, providing a variety of banking, insurance and investment services....

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in recreation services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income.

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in leisure services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Leisure services are a complex group. They are a combination of food services, typically found close to markets, with no strong preference for city...

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in food services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income.