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Global Affairs Canada uses the audit process as an important way to ensure the efficient use of public funds. The Office of the Chief Audit Executive leads this work by reviewing and assessing management practices and controls. Once the audit engagement is complete, the audit team recommends...

In order to analyze the vulnerability and risks of a supply chain disruption to Canada, it is important to understand where Canada and Canadian firms fit into GVCs. On the one hand, if Canada’s production mainly happens at the beginning—or upstream—of a GVC, the primary concern would be a...

There have been many studies that examine the Canada-U.S. trade relationship; this is deservedly so as the U.S. is Canada’s dominant trading partner. In 2018, the minister of international trade diversification announced a target to increase overseas exports by 50% by 2025.Footnote1 China is the...

Largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Canada’s merchandise trade —and merchandise trade around the world—has been volatile in the last two years. Business closures to control the spread of the virus, shifts in spending patterns, volatile commodity prices, and lingering supply chain issues have...

In this study only merchandise trade will be considered. This is partly due to data constraints, and partly because most services, especially those that can be delivered digitally, are assumed to be minimally affected by transportation disruptions.Footnote1 For both imports (upstream supply) and...

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows a map of six condensed maps of employment and related patterns for the leading service sectors as compiled from the 1951 Census. There are two maps referring to wholesale trade. One of them shows the distribution...

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of four maps. The first map shows the labour force as a percentage of the total experienced labour force employed in the retail trade for each census division. The second map shows per capita retail sales by labour force in...

From November 4 to December 4, 2017, the Government of Canada consulted Canadians on ideas for reconciling regulations across Canada where differences impose greater costs on businesses and industry, and affect labour mobility in Canada. This consultation was undertaken to support the federal...