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Management strategies. All water utilities should implement a risk management approach, such as the source-to-tap or water safety plan approach, to ensure water safety (CCME, 2004; WHO, 2011, 2012). These approaches require a system assessment to characterize the source water, describe the...

Epidemiological studies investigating the association between GI and bacterial fecal indicators during primary contact recreational activities in fresh and marine waters (1984-2016)

These documents provide guideline values for specific parameters used to monitor water quality hazards and recommend science-based monitoring and risk management strategies.

Several significant changes have been included in the current fecal indicator guidelines. This includes moving away from using GM and SSM's to using BAVs for day-to-day beach management (based on data from the most recent epidemiological studies), recommending PCR-based monitoring methods in...

Indicators can be used for various purposes as part of a recreational water quality management plan. Fecal indicators signal the likely presence of fecal contamination. Common fecal indicators include E. coli and enterococci, as well as source-specific fecal indicators, such as the HF183...

Guidelines for the fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci have been developed for recreational areas used for primary contact activities (see Table 1 and Table 2). These values consider both the potential health risks and the benefits of recreational water use in...

The Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality are comprised of multiple guideline technical documents that consider the various factors that could interfere with the safety of recreational waters from a human health perspective. This includes technical documents on understanding and...

This guideline technical document evaluated the available information on fecal indicator organisms in recreational waters with the intent of updating/recommending guideline values. The purpose of this consultation is to solicit comments on the proposed guidelines, on the approach used for their...

As a key component of Indigenous corrections, Indigenous Healing Lodges provide a culturally responsive environment, allowing federal offenders who commit to an Indigenous healing path to participate in Indigenous healing practices, programming, and services. Healing Lodge escapes were typically...

Serious community incidents typically involved offenders on Statutory Release. Common proximal risk factors included substance use, flight from supervision, and non-compliance with release conditions.