5 Star Open Data
Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the Web and Linked Data initiator, suggested a 5 star deployment scheme for Open Data.
| ★ | make your stuff available on the Web (whatever format) under an open license |
| ★★ | make it available as structured data (e.g., Excel instead of image scan of a table) |
| ★★★ | use non-proprietary formats (e.g., CSV instead of Excel) |
| ★★★★ | use URIs to denote things, so that people can point at your stuff |
| ★★★★★ | link your data to other data to provide context |
Costs and Benefits
What are the costs and benefits of 1 Star Web data?
As a consumer ...
- You can look at it.
- You can print it.
- You can store it locally (on your hard drive or on an USB stick).
- You can enter the data into any other system.
- You can change the data as you wish.
- You can share the data with anyone you like.
As a publisher ...
- It's simple to publish.
- You do not have explain repeatedly to others that they can use your data.
What are the costs and benefits of 2 Star Web data?
As a consumer, you can do all what you can do with 1 Star Web data and additionally:
- You can directly process it with proprietary software to aggregate it, perform calculations, visualise it, etc.
- You can export it into another (structured) format.
As a publisher ...
- It's still simple to publish.
What are the costs and benefits of 3 Star Web data?
As a consumer, you can do all what you can do with 2 Star Web data and additionally:
- You can manipulate the data in any way you like, without being confined by the capabilities of any particular software.
As a publisher ...
- You might need converters or plug-ins to export the data from the proprietary format.
- It's still rather simple to publish.
What are the costs and benefits of 4 Star Web data?
As a consumer, you can do all what you can do with 3 Star Web data and additionally:
- You can link to it from any other place (on the Web or locally).
- You can bookmark it.
- You can reuse parts of the data.
- You may be able to reuse existing tools and libraries, even if they only understand parts of the pattern the publisher used.
- Understanding the structure of an RDF "Graph" of data can be more effort than tabular (Excel/CSV) or tree (XML/JSON) data.
- You can combine the data safely with other data. URIs are a global scheme so if two things have the same URI then it's intentional, and if so that's well on it's way to being 5 star data!
As a publisher ...
- You have fine-granular control over the data items and can optimise their access (load balancing, caching, etc.)
- Other data publishers can now link into your data, promoting it to 5 star!
- You typically invest some time slicing and dicing your data.
- You'll need to assign URIs to data items and think about how to represent the data.
- You need to either find existing patterns to reuse or create your own.
What are the costs and benefits of 5 Star Web data?
As a consumer, you can do all what you can do with Four Star Web data and additionally:
- You can discover more (related) data while consuming the data.
- You can directly learn about the data schema.
- You now have to deal with broken data links, just like 404 errors in web pages.
- Presenting data from an arbitrary link as fact is as risky as letting people include content from any website in your pages. Caution, trust and common sense are all still necessary.
As a publisher ...
- You make your data discoverable.
- You increase the value of your data.
- You own organisation will gain the same benefits from the links as the consumers.
- You'll need to invest resources to link your data to other data on the Web.
- You may need to repair broken or incorrect links.
Source: http://5stardata.info/