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Although Aboriginal offenders are often examined as one ethnic group, First Nations, Métis and Inuit offenders have distinct traditions, cultures and world views. In addition, they have unique characteristics that need to be understood and taken into account by decision and policy makers....

Little research specific to federally-sentenced ethnocultural offenders exists and, of what does exist, none has focused on offenders’ social history. Social history – which refers to experiences of the individual, family, or community, and can also include intergenerational impacts of earlier...

There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the link between sentence length and recidivism.  Consistent with a specific deterrence perspective, some research findings support the perspective that longer sentences will deter future re-offending.  In contrast, others have found either...

Healing Lodges are environments that use Indigenous values, traditions, and beliefs to offer culturally-relevant services and programs for Indigenous offenders. The goal of the current study was to qualitatively examine the experiences at the men's Correctional Service of Canada (CSC)-operated...

Correctional agencies worldwide are adopting women-centered philosophies grounded in the assumption that women are different than their male counterparts. A review of research literature on the topic is important to determine if risk factors identified in the current tools used in the...

Although four-in-five women offenders in Canada have substance use problems, little research has focused on the variability in their substance use and its relationship to correctional outcomes. Given that consideration of such variability has been shown to improve treatment success in community...

Examinations over a ten-year period demonstrate that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women differ on many indicators of correctional outcomes and that First Nations and Métis women also exhibit differences between groups. These patterns are being used as a starting point for a broader examination...

Gender diverse offenders are a heterogeneous group with high static risk and dynamic need. In accordance with Bill C-16, on December 27, 2017, the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) implemented its interim policy for gender diverse offenders to identify operational practices that may require...

In 2010, the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) commenced implementation of a holistic, gender- and culture-informed model of correctional programing for women offenders. To fulfill a recommendation in the Office of the Auditor General of Canada’s report, Preparing Women Offenders for Release...

To facilitate initial security classification, Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) currently uses the Custody Rating Scale (CRS) which consists of two independently scored subscales; the Institutional Adjustment (IA) subscale that assesses risks associated with institutional misconducts, and the...