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Retailing is the most familiar service of all: goods are brought together, displayed and sold directly to consumers. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in retail shopping and the expected level, based on the city's population and income.

Retailing is the most familiar service of all: goods are brought together, displayed and sold directly to consumers. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in retail and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Retail activity is usually divided into two...

Wholesaling is that part of the service sector that distributes goods from importers or manufacturers to retailers. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in wholesaling and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Some of the most intensely specialized...

The commercial activity index is a summary measure of the attraction of urban places as locations for commercial activity. The index compares the actual commercial employment to the employment predicted on the basis of population. Thus it captures both the variation in income per capita (the...

The map shows the two most important characteristics of markets: their size (measured by population) and the level of income - hence the ability to buy various kinds of services. The market is the amount of money available to purchase goods and services. The corporations that provide services...

While the size of the market determines the amount of service activity within a city, it may have more service activity than indicated by the size of the market, and this surplus of facilities is called "centrality". A high index value of centrality implies that the city is serving an extensive...

There are approximately 100 000 kilometres of transmission pipelines in Canada, 80 000 are natural gas pipelines and 23 000 crude oil pipelines. The map shows three types of pipelines: transmission trunk lines, gathering system field lines and distribution lines. Gathering pipelines move crude...

In Canada, mines are most heavily concentrated in the Mixedwood Plains, Boreal Shield, Prairie, and Montane Cordillera ecozones. Mines require accessibility, and are therefore strongly correlated with transportation routes. While most mines are designed as closed systems, occasionally water...

Forests sustain hundreds of economies across Canada. The forest industry is an active player in the conservation and sustainability of forested ecosystems. Forests are managed from a legal perspective by provincial and territorial legislation. The primary objective of forest management is timber...

Industrial activities generate waste that is discharged into water bodies, the air or ends up in landfill sites. Air is the most common release medium. Ammonia, methanol, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide are by far the most common industrial pollutants released in Canada. Industrial discharge...